Elon Musk’s staunch support for free speech is clashing with governments worldwide as they crack down on hate speech and misinformation on his social media platform, X (formerly Twitter).
In the UK, officials are considering stricter regulations for platforms like X after a surge in online disinformation contributed to riots. India has ordered X to remove posts and block accounts related to farmer protests. In Brazil, Musk is at odds with the Supreme Court over its demands to suspend users spreading fake news.
These actions reflect a broader crackdown by major democracies against harmful content, which conflicts with Musk’s hands-off approach to moderation. Since buying X for $44 billion in late 2022, Musk has championed unrestricted speech, a stance that has impacted X’s advertising revenue and placed him in political hot water globally. “It turns out free speech is actually really expensive,” Musk noted earlier this year, acknowledging the costs of his approach.
Musk’s policy has attracted criticism for allegedly allowing hate speech and misinformation to flourish. “What’s different is how he’s pulling so much of it into the spotlight,” said Katie Harbath, a former public policy executive at Meta. “Their method of pushing back is very aggressive.”
In response to recent riots in the UK, Musk endorsed a post by Nigel Farage criticizing Prime Minister Keir Starmer as a threat to free speech, drawing backlash from Starmer’s office. Additionally, Olympic boxing champion Imane Khelif has filed a cyber-harassment complaint in France, accusing Musk of amplifying online attacks related to her gender identity.
Musk’s approach to moderation contrasts sharply with the previous efforts to curb misinformation on X. Under Musk, X has shifted from strict rules to relying on crowd-sourced Community Notes and user self-regulation. Musk has also cut teams responsible for enforcing policies, which he views as too heavy-handed.
The European Union has warned X to adhere to regulations against harmful content, especially after recent violence in the UK. Thierry Breton, the EU’s internal market chief, reminded Musk of the bloc’s steps against X under the Digital Services Act. Musk responded with a provocative post, mocking the EU’s stance on free speech.
In the US, Musk’s political leanings have stirred controversy, especially as he supports Trump and conservative causes. Critics accuse X of suppressing liberal viewpoints, and some Democrats have called for investigations into whether X’s AI chatbot, Grok, spreads false information.
Authoritarian governments have taken more drastic measures against X. Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro suspended access to X for 10 days, accusing Musk of inciting disorder. In Brazil, officials are in a prolonged dispute with X over posts by Bolsonaro supporters who claim election fraud. Brazilian Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes has ordered the suspension of certain accounts, leading to a confrontation between Musk and the court. Musk’s latest move includes publishing confidential court orders from Brazil, claiming they force X to censor content in ways that violate Brazilian law. The ongoing global tension highlights the complex balance between free speech and combating harmful content on social media.
